Course Description

This course is taught in the second year for students from different streams, namely BA, BSc

and BCom. If the first year syllabus is an attempt by the Department of English, Christ

University to recognize and bring together the polyphonic Indian voices in English and Indian

regional literatures in translation for the Additional English students of the first year, the

second year syllabus intends to take that project a little further and open up the engagement

of the students to texts from across the world. The syllabus - selection of texts will

concentrate on readings from South Asian, Latin American, Australian, Canadian, and Afro-

American. It will voice subaltern concerns of identity, gender, race, ethnicity and problems of

belongingness experienced by humanity all over the globe.

The syllabus will extend the concerns of nation and nationality and marginalization,

discussed within the Indian context to a more inclusive and wider global platform. We have

consciously kept out ‘mainstream’ writers and concentrated on the voices of the subalterns

from across the world. There is an implicit recognition in this project that though the aspects

of marginalization and the problems facing subalterns are present across cultures and

nations, the experiences, expressions and reflections are specific to each race and culture.

The course will address these nuances and specificities and enable our students to become

more aware and sensitive to life and reality around them. This will equip the students, who

are global citizens, to understand not just the Indian scenario, but also situate themselves

within the wider global contexts and understand the spaces they will move into and negotiate

in their future.

There is a prescribed text book Blends: Voices from Margins for the second year students,

compiled by the Department of English, Christ University and intended for private circulation.

Course Objectives

The course objectives are

 to enable students to look at different cultures through Literature

 to help students develop an understanding of subaltern realities and identity politics

 to inculcate literary sensibility/taste among students across disciplines

 to improve language skills –speaking, reading, writing and listening

 to equip the students with tools for developing lateral thinking

 to equip students with critical reading and thinking habits

 to reiterate the study skills and communication skills they developed in the previous

year and extend it.

TetsukoKuroyanagi: Tottochan: The Little Girl at the Window12

Liliana Heker : “The Stolen Party

 Higuchi Ichiyo: “Separate Ways”

 Harukki Murakami "Birthday Girl"

 Luisa Valenzuela: “I’m your Horse in the Night”

Poetry 12 Hrs

 Silvio Curbelo: “Summer Storm”

 Nancy Morejon: “Black Woman”

 Ruben Dario: “To Roosevelt”

 Mina Asadi: “A Ring to me is a Bondage”

Essay 9Hrs

 Amy Tan: “Mother Tongue

 Linda Hogan: “Waking Up the Rake”

 Isabelle Allande: “Open Veins of Latin America”

Children's Literature -  Kimberley Reynolds (CUP)

CIA 1: A written test for 20 marks. It can be an Open Book test, a classroom assignment, an

objective or descriptive test pertaining to the texts and ideas discussed in class.

CIA2: Mid-semester written exam for 50 works

CIA 3: This is to be a creative test/ project in small groups by students. They may do

Collages, tableaus, skits, talk shows, documentaries, Quizzes, presentations, debates,

charts or any other creative test for 20 marks. This test should allow the students to explore

their creativity and engage with the real world around them and marks can be allotted to

students depending on how much they are able to link the ideas and discussions in the texts

to the world around them.

Question Paper Pattern

Mid Semester Exam: 2 hrs

Section A: 4x5= 20

Section B: 2x15=30

Total 50

End Semester Exam: 3 hrs

Section A: 4 x 5 = 20

Section B: 2 x 15= 30

Total 50

This course describes theory, methods and practice of the taxonomy, classification and economic importance of flowering plants using vegetative and floral structures of 20+ families growing in Karnataka, India. The course describes the various classification systems and identification methods for angiosperm identification. In addition course describes the economic significance of various important commercial crops.

Identification, Classification, Nomenclature

Functions of Herbarium, important herbaria and botanical gardens of the world and India; Documentation: Flora, Keys: single access and multi-access

Taxonomic evidences from palynology, cytology, phytochemistry and molecular data.

Principles and rules (ICN); ranks and names; binomial system, typification, author citation,valid publication, rejection of names, principle of priority and its limitations.

Types of classification-artificial, natural and phylogenetic.Bentham and Hooker (upto series), Engler and Prantl (upto series).

Characters; variations; OTUs, character weighting and coding; cluster analysis; phenograms, Important phylogenetic terms and concepts: Plesiomorphic and Apomorphic characters; Homology and Analogy; Parallelism and Convergence; clades, Monophyly, Paraphyly and Polyphyly, origin & evolution of angiosperms, construction of cladogram.

Part I Leaf Morphology (types, venation, phyllotaxy),

Part II Morphology of flower

a)      Parts of a flower- description of flower and its parts in technical terms.

b)      Types of flower – Hypogyny, Perigyny and Epigyny, Symmetry of flowers.

c)      Aestivation types.

d)      Placentation types.

e)      Floral Diagram and Floral Formula.

Part III Inflorescence:

a)    Racemose types-Simple Raceme, Corymb, Umbel, Spike, Spadix and Head.

b)    Cymose types-Simple Cyme, Monochasial- Scorpoid and Helicoid, Dichasial

c)      Special type- Cyathium, Hypanthodium

Part IV Fruits:

a)      Dry- dehiscent, indehiscent.

Fleshy - Simple,Aggregate, Multiple: Sorosis and Syconus

Study the following families of Bentham and Hooker’s System with special reference to their morphological and floral characters. Special attention should be given to common and economically important plants within the families

Anonaceae, Brassicaceae, Malvaceae, Rutaceae, Leguminosae (Mimosaceae, Caesalpiniaceae and Fabaceae), Myrtaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Apiaceae, Rubiaceae, Compositae (Asteraceae), Apocynaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Solanaceae, Convolvulaceae, Acanthaceae, Verbenaceae, Lamiaceae (Labiatae), Euphorbiaceae, Moraceae, Liliaceae, Orchidaceae, Musaceae, Cannaceae, Graminae (Poaceae)

Concept of centers of origin, their importance with reference to Vavilov’s work

Cereals: Rice, Wheat -Origin, morphology, uses

Millet: Ragi

Legumes: General account with special reference to Gram and soybean

Fruits: Apple, Orange and Banana

Vegetables- Bittergourd, Ladies finger, Carrot and Cabbage.

Flowers- commercial flowers

Plantation crops- coconut, coco, arecanut

Industrial crops-Rubber

Spices : General account with special reference to clove and black pepper (Botanical name, family, part used, morphology and uses)

Beverages: Tea (morphology, processing, uses), coffee

Oils and Fats: General description with special reference to groundnut

Fibre Yielding Plants: General description with special reference to Cotton (Botanical name, family, part used, morphology and uses)

2. B. P Pandey, A textbook of botany: Angiosperms taxonomy, anatomy, embryology (including tissue culture) and economic botany, New Delhi: S Chand, 2009.

 CIAI – Assignments/test/presentation/etc – 10%

 CIAII – Midsemester exam – 25%

 CIAIII - Assignments/test/presentation/etc – 10%

 Attendance – 5%

 End Semester Theory Exam – 50%

1) To acquaint with the aims, objectives and significance of taxonomy.

2) To identify the common species of plants growing in Karnataka and their systematic position.

3) To develop inductive and deductive reasoning ability.

4) To acquaint with the basic technique in the preparation of herbarium.

5) To familiarize with the plants having immense economic importance.

6) To enable the students to identify the plants especially medicinal and ornamental plants.

1.      Identify the following inflorescence and fruits:-

a.       Inflorescence - Simple raceme, Spike, Corymb, Head, Dichasial cyme and       Cyathium.

b. Fruits - Simple: - Nut, Legume, Berry and Drupe;   Multiple and Aggregate

2.      Study of vegetative and floral characters of the following families (Description, V.S. flower, section of ovary, floral diagram/s, floral formula/e and systematic position according to Bentham & Hooker’s system of classification):

Anonaceae, Brassicaceae, Malvaceae, Rutaceae, Leguminosae (Mimosaceae, Caesalpiniaceae and Fabaceae), Myrtaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Apiaceae, Rubiaceae, Compositae (Asteraceae), Apocynaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Solanaceae, Convolvulaceae, Acanthaceae, Verbenaceae, Lamiaceae (Labiatae), Euphorbiaceae, Moraceae, Liliaceae, Orchidaceae, Musaceae, Cannaceae, Graminae (Poaceae)

3.      Identify the plants belonging to any 4 families mentioned in the syllabus upto genus by using the Flora.

4.      Students must describe the floral parts, draw the L.S., floral diagram and write the floral formula of at least one flower from each family.

5.      Study the finished products of plants mentioned in the syllabus of economic botany with special reference to the morphology, botanical name and family.

6.      Prepare herbarium of 10 plants with field notes.

7.   Workout nomenclatural problems regarding priority and author citations.

8.      Conduct field work under the guidance of a teacher

9.      Mounting of a properly dried and pressed specimen of any 10 wild plants with herbarium label (to be submitted during exam).

2. B. P Pandey, A textbook of botany: Angiosperms taxonomy, anatomy, embryology (including tissue culture) and economic botany, New Delhi: S Chand, 2009.

CIA-I – Performance – 20 Marks

CIA-II- Mid Semester Practical Examination – 20 Marks

CIA-III – Record – 10 Marks

 ESE - 50 Marks

The paper introduces the students with the fundamentals of molecular biology and biophysics. It also gives a clear out look on the molecular biology techniques used in the laboratory.

Nucleic Acids:- DNA and RNA as genetic material and the proof (Griffith Experiment, Avery-McCarthy-McCleod Experiment, Hershey Chase Experiment, Biochemical evidences, Experiments using HRV and TMV )

Watson and Crick model of DNA (Structure of Bases, Nucleosides and nucleotides, Chargaff Rule, Watson and Crick base pairing, Hoogsteen base pairing, physical measurements of DNA, antiparallel nature), Different forms for DNA (A, B and Z), chemical and spectroscopic properties of DNA (Effect of temperature:- denaturation and renaturation kinetics, Absorption of UV light, density gradient centrifugation, intercalating agents, effects of Acid and Alkali on DNA, solubility of DNA), DNA supercoiling (negative and positive supercoiling), Topoisomerase (Types and mechanisms). Hypothesis on DNA replication, Proof for Semi conservative model of replication of DNA (Meselson and Stahl Experiment, Thymidine incorporation Assay), Polarity of DNA replication, Prokaryotic DNA Replication Machinery: Gyrase, helicase, DNA polymerases (types, functions, properties) Origin of replication of DNA, Primer, Growing Fork, Mechanism of DNA replication (initiation, elongation (lagging and leading strand synthesis) and termination. Eukaryotic DNA replication – Multiple origins of replication, enzymes and proteins involved in replication, End replication problem and its solution (Telomere and telomerases and its significance in replication and involvement in cancer and aging). Models of DNA replication: Theta model and Rolling circle model, D-loop method. Inhibitors of DNA replication.

Mutation: Definition and Types (Point mutation: Substitution, Addition, Deletion; Frame-shift Mutation, Missense and nonsense mutation, forward and reverse mutation, suppression mutation. Somatic and germline mutation, Transition and transversion, Neutral nonsynonymous and synonymous mutation, lethal mutation) causes of mutation: Spontaneous (Wobble base pairing, addition and deletion by DNA looping out, spontaneous chemical changes: oxidative damage, alkylation and deamination) and Induced mutations (UV, base analogues, alkylating, Hydroxylating and deaminating agents. Repair mechanisms - photoreactivation, Mismatch repair, excision repair (BER and NER), SOS repair and recombination repair, Transformation – Tatum and Lederberg’s experiment, Conjugation – F+ and F- strains, Hfr strains. Transduction - Lytic and lysogenic life cycles of bacteriophage, generalized and specialized transduction.

Organization of genomes in prokaryotes and eukaryotes- concept of Gene, structure of genes, monocistronic and polycistronic genes, C value paradox, Gene organization and expression in mitochondria and chloroplast, functions, significance, role in evolutionary studies. Transposable elements – classes, transposons in bacteria, maize and Drosophila, retrotransposons, LINEs and SINEs, transposons and mutations.

Structure and functions of mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, snRNA, hnRNA, long noncoding RNA (LNC RNA) miRNA and siRNA. Ribozymes: Types of ribozymes, role of RNA in ribosome catalytic core). Types of RNA polymerases in prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. Sigma factors and subunits of RNA polymerase in prokaryotes. Transcription – initiation, elongation, and termination. Structure of promoter, initiation factors. Elongation factors and mechanism. Termination, types of termination: ATP dependent and independent, transcription factors and its importance, post transcriptional modifications of eukaryotic mRNA: capping and polyA tailing. RNA splicing. Introduction to CRISPR-Cas9: guide RNA.

Properties of Genetic code and Wobble hypothesis. Mechanism of translation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes (activation and attachment of amino acid to tRNA, initiation, elongation and termination of polypeptide chain), role of Ribosomes in Protein synthesis, post translational modifications of proteins- (glycosylation, protein folding, acetylation, phosphorylation), polysomes.

Operon concept and its advantages, anabolic (trp operon) and catabolic operon (lac operon), Regulation of Gene expression in Eukaryotes -DNA (methylation) and Histone (acetylation) modifications.

Chromatography (Paper, Thin layer, column and GLC). Spectroscopy (Visible, Fluorescence, UV), Flow cytometry.

2) K. Wilson and J. Walker, Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 7th ed. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

3) B. Lewin. Genes IX. Massachusetts: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2007.

2) D.L. Nelson and M. M. Cox. Lehninger’s Principles of Biochemistry, 6th ed. USA. W. H. Freeman and company. 2013.

3) D. Voet and J. G. Voet. Biochemistry. 4th ed. USA: Wiley. 2011.

4) M. L. Srivastava. Bioanalytical Techniques, New Delhi: Narosa Publications. 2011.

5) J. D. Watson, T. A. Baker, S.P. Bell, A. Gann, M. Levine and R. Losick, Molecular biology of gene, 7th ed. USA: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2014.

6) R. M. J. Cotterill, Biophysics: An Introduction. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2002.

7) B. R. Glick, J. J. Pasternak and C. L. Patten, Molecular Biotechnology: Principles and application of recombinant DNA. 4th ed. Washington DC: American Society for Microbiology Press, 2010.

 CIAI – Assignments/test/presentation/etc – 10%

 CIAII – Midsemester exam – 25%

 CIAIII - Assignments/test/presentation/etc – 10%

 Attendance – 5%

 End Semester Theory Exam – 50%

The papes aims at providing practical exposure to students with regards to the basic procedures in molecular biology lab. It deals with extraction and quantification of important biomolecules like DNA and protein.

1) Preparation of Buffers-Citrate buffer, Phosphate buffer

2) Estimation of DNA by DPA method

3) Estimation of RNA by Orcinol method

4) Spectrophotometric estimation of DNA

5) Spectrophotometric estimation of RNA

6) Separation of amino acids by Paper Chromatography (ascending, descending and circular)

7) Separation of plant pigments by Thin Layer Chromatography and Paper chromatography

8) Extraction of protein from animal source by salt precipitation /organic solvent method & estimation using Biuret method

9) Extraction of protein from animal source by salt precipitation /organic solvent method & estimation using Lowry’s method

10) UV Mutagenesis

11) Ames test

2) S. K. Sawhney. R. Singh. Introductory Practical Biochemistry. New Delhi. Narosa Publications. 2014.

CIA-I – Performance – 20 Marks

CIA-II- Mid Semester Practical Examination – 20 Marks

CIA-III – Record – 10 Marks

 ESE - 50 Marks

This course deals with the concepts of organic and analytical chemistry and builds the foundation for more advanced topics in the subsequent courses.

 Prelearning topics: Classification and nomenclature of amines, Preparation of nitroalkanes and aromatic nitro compounds.

Amines (aliphatic and aromatic):  Preparation: From alkyl halides, Reduction of nitro compounds and nitriles, Reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones, Gabriel’s phthalimide synthesis, Hofmann bromamide reaction (with mechanism). Reactions: Hofmann (with mechanism) vs. Saytzeff elimination, Carbylamine test, Hinsberg test, with HNO₂. Separation of a mixture of  1°, 2° and 3° amines using Hinsberg reagent. Structural features affecting basicity of aliphatic and aromatic amines. Comparative study of basicity of aliphatic and aromatic amines. Schotten – Baumann Reaction (with mechanism). Electrophilic substitution reactions of aniline: Halogenation, nitration and sulphonation.

Diazonium salts:  Preparation by diazotization.  Reactions: Conversion to benzene, phenol, iodo, fluoro and nitro benzene. Azo coupling.  Sandmeyer and Gatterman reactions.

Classification and nomenclature. Structure and aromaticity of 5-numbered and 6-membered rings containing one heteroatom. Synthesis and reactions of: Furan, Thiophene, Pyrrole, Pyridine, Indole, Quinoline  and Isoquinoline.

Green Chemistry: Introduction - Environmental concern on chemical industry and need of green chemistry – Origin of green chemistry – Twelve principles of green chemistry with explanations - Atom economy and microwave assisted reactions - Green solvents . Microwave and ultrasound assisted green synthesis.

 Introduction, types of polymers, polymerization reactions, Formation of Polythene, polypropylene, polystyrene, poly vinyl chloride, polyesters, polyamides including Nylon 6 and Nylon 6,6, resins.

Physical properties of polymers, molecular masses of polymers, Introduction to conducting polymers with examples. Environmental hazards of polymers, biodegradable polymers. Plastics, Recycling of plastics. Fibres: natural and synthetic, Rubbers: natural and synthetic.

Classification, and General Properties, Glucose (structural elucidation). Open chain and cyclic structures of fructose, galactose and mannose. Epimers and anomers. Determination of configuration of monosaccharides, Mutarotation, ascending and descending in monosaccharides. Interconversion of glucose and fructose. Structure of disacharrides (sucrose, maltose, lactose). Reducing and non-reducing sugars. polysacharrides (starch and cellulose) excluding their structure elucidation.

 Significant figures, Absolute error, accuracy, relative error, precision.

Classification of errors – (a) Determinate errors –Operational & Personal errors, Instrumental & reagent errors, Errors of method, Additive & proportional errors (b) Indeterminate or accidental errors.

Minimisation of errors– Calibration of apparatus & application of corrections, Running blank determination, Determination of accuracy of quantitative methods – Absolute method, Comparative method. Mean, median, standard deviation, variance (numerical problems)

Solvent extraction Introduction– Classification– Principles and application of solvent extraction. Nernst’s distribution law, distribution co-efficient.

#Chromatography 

Introduction, Classification, Principles and Applications of column chromatography, thin layer chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (mention only).

a) Qualitative analysis                                                                                                 5 Hrs

Introduction- Solubility product, ionic product, common ion effect, application of these in qualitative analysis. Selective precipitation of metal ions in their respective groups. Removal of interfering radicals.

b) Quantitative analysis                                                                                                8 Hrs

 Volumetric analysis: Introduction – Definition – Classification - Principles of acid base, redox, precipitation and complexometric titrations.

Theory of indicators (redox, acid base, metallochrome and adsorption indicators)

*Gravimetric analysis: Introduction –Classification – Principles. Organic reagents (DMG, Oxine) used for the precipitation.

Introduction ––Principles and application of spectrophotometry (colorimetry), Flame photometry

Electro analytical methods (potentiometry, conductometry).

[2] B. Mehta, M. Mehta, Organic Chemistry, PHI Learning Private Limited, 2017.

[3] D.A. Skoog, D.M. West, F.J. Holler and S.R. Crouch, Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, 8th Edition, Brooks/Cole, Thomson Learning, Inc., USA, 2004

 [2]    R. T Morrison and R. N. Boyd. Organic Chemistry. 7^thed. New Delhi: Prentice-Hall of India (P) Ltd., 2010.

 [3]    S.M. Mukherji, S. P. Singh, and R. P. Kapoor. Organic Chemistry. 3^rd, 12th Reprint, New Delhi: New Age International (P) Ltd. Publishers, 2009.

 [4]    I. L Finar, Organic Chemistry Vol. II, 5^th ed. New Delhi: ELBS and Longman Ltd., reprint 2008.

 [5]    Vogels Textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 6^th Edn., Pearson Education Ltd. 2009.

This course is intended to provide basic skills in qualitative analysis at the semi micro scale. Identification of cations and anions present in inorganic compounds has to be performed. Separation of sugar and amino acid mixtures can be achieved through chromatography.

 Semi-micro qualitative analysis (using H₂S or other methods) of mixtures - not more than four ionic species (two anions and two cations, excluding insoluble salts) out of the following:

    Cations : NH⁴⁺, Pb²⁺, Bi³⁺, Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺, Fe³⁺, Al³⁺ , Co²⁺ , Ni²⁺, Mn²+, Zn²+, Ba²⁺ , Sr²⁺ , Ca²⁺, K⁺

   Anions : CO₃^2– , S^2–, SO₂^–, S₂O₃^2–, NO₂^– , CH₃COO^–, Cl^–, Br^–, I^–, NO₃^– , SO₄^2-, PO₄³-, BO₃^3-

   (Spot tests should be carried out wherever feasible)

 Separation of mixtures by Chromatography:

(a) Separation and identification of the components of a given mixture of two amino acids by paper chromatography/TLC

(b) Separation and identification of the components of a mixture of two sugars by paper chromatography/TLC

[2] Mann, F.G. & Saunders, B.C. Practical Organic Chemistry, 4^th edition, Orient-Longman, 1979.

Course Description

English is offered as a course for all the students in BA, BSc, BCom, and BBA F&A classes in the third and fourth semesters. The aim is to strengthen the communication skills, and particularly study skills of the learners further, through adequate practice and exposure to good examples of writing, thought, ideas and human values. In addition, they will be trained in study skills through tasks in academic genres such as message, letter, essay, data interpretation etc. It aims to not only equip learners with skills but also sensitize them towards issues that concern human life in today’s globalised context. The course content is selected to meet the requirements of the departmental goal of “empowering the individual to read oneself, the social context and the imagined”; institutional goal of ensuring “holistic development”; and the national goal of creating competent and valuable citizens. The primary objective of this course is to help learners develop appropriate employability skills and demonstrate suitable conduct with regards to communication skills. The units are organised in order to help the learners understand the academic and workplace demands and learn by practice.

Course Objectives     

·       To enable learners to develop reading comprehension for various purposes

·       To enable learners to develop writing skills for academic and professional needs

·       To enable learners to develop the ability to think critically and express logically

·       To enable learner to communicate in a socially and ethically acceptable manner

·       To enable learners, to read, write and speak with clarity, precision and accuracy

Subject verb agreement

Tenses

Preposition

Voices

Clauses

Skimming and scanning

Strategies of reading

Reading and understanding reports

Reading content/ texts of various kinds

Inferencing skills

Academic vocab

Academic phrases

Professional expression

Study skills- library and referencing skills (organising reading, making notes, managing time, prioritising)

Mind mapping

Organising ideas

Accurate usage of vocabulary

Paragraph strategy

Cohesion and sequencing (jumbled sentences to paragraph)

Extended writing 

Formal and informal writing

Reports (all types including illustration to report and report to illustration and/or graphs, charts, tables and other statistical data)

Proposal writing (for projects, for research)

Academic essays/ articles

Persuasive writing, extrapolative writings

Case study writing

Executive summaries

Editing, proofreading skills

Resume vs CV

Self-introduction

Body language

Talks, speeches and presentations

Conversation

Telephone conversation

Meetings

Group discussion

Seminar / conference presentation

Principles of communication

Process of communication

Types of communication

Barriers in communication

Evaluation Pattern

CIA 1: Classroom assignment/test/ written or oral tasks for 20 marks keeping in tune with the course objectives and learning outcomes.

CIA 2: Mid-semester exam for 50 marks.

CIA 3: Collage, tableaus, skits, talk shows, documentaries, Quizzes or any creative assignments.

 End- semester 50 marks 

End Semester Exam: 2 hrs

French as second language for the Arts, Science and Commerce UG program

To perform a tribute: artist, work, you are going to…..